"ABER" (TO HAVE): SIMPLE TENSES
The verb aber (to have) can be used:
-as an auxiliary verb (plus a Past Participle)
to form the perfect tenses of any verb
-to express obligation (plus an infinitive, preceeded
by the preposition
de -in some dialects que or a).
-in some dialects, as an ordinary verb, meaning
"possess"
Examples:
Emos triballau muito (We have worked hard)
Abié de dixar o triballo (I had to give
up my job)
Eban una casa en ixe puesto (They had got a house
in that place)
INDICATIVE:
| SIMPLE PRESENT | |
| he
has ha emos ez han |
I have
you have he/she/it has we have you have they have |
The subject of the verb needn't appear in Aragonese
as we can deduce it from the endings (person and number morphemes).
| SIMPLE PAST | ||
| eba
ebas eba ébanos ebaz eban |
abié
abiés abió abiemos abiez abioron |
I had
you had he/she/ithad we had you had they had |
-There are two past tenses: the first one with
a non-perfective aspect, the second with a perfective aspect.
-Attention should be paid to the first person
plural ending -nos (instead of the usual -mos) in the simple
past with non perfective aspect.
-The third person plural form abioron
of the simple past with perfective aspect is often pronounced (and even
written) abión, due to a general phaenomenon of weakening
and subsequent dropping of intervocalic "r".
-In Eastern Aragonese, to express the perfective
aspect they use a periphrastic form made up of the simple present of the
berb "anar" plus the infinitive: boi aber, bas aber, ba aber, bam aber,
baz aber, ban aber.
| SIMPLE FUTURE | |
| abré
abrás abrá abremos abrez abrán |
I shall / will have
you will have he/she/it will have we shall / will have you will have they will have |
| SIMPLE CONDITIONAL | |
| aberba
aberbas aberba abérbanos aberbaz aberban |
I should / would have
you would have he/she/it would have we shall / would have you would have they would have |
-Attention should be paid to the first person
plural ending -nos (instead of the usual -mos).
-Under Castillian influence, the forms "abría,
abrías, abría, abríanos, abriaz, abrían" are
widely spread.
SUBJUNCTIVE:
| SIMPLE PRESENT | |
| aiga
aigas aiga aigamos aigaz aigan |
I have
you have he/she/it have we have you have they have |
| SIMPLE PAST | |
| ese
eses ese ésenos esez esen |
I had
you had he/she/it had we had you had they had |
Attention should be paid to the first person plural
ending -nos (instead of the usual -mos).
| IMPERATIVE | |
| abe
abez |
have!
have! |
These forms are hardly used; instead, second person
forms of the verb tener (tiene tu, tenez busatros) are preferred
to express possession.
| INFINITIVE | |
| aber | to have |
Its main use is as a verbal noun. It may be used
to form noun clauses but its subject will be the same of the main verb.
| GERUND | |
| abendo | having |
It's mainly used to form adverbial clauses or
phrases.
| PAST PARTICIPLE | |
| abiu | had |
-It is mainly used to form the perfect tenses
of the verb.
-The traditional form (abito) is the most
genuine and most adequated to Aragonese phonetics, but the "-iu" form is
the most generalized one in current spoken (and even written) Aragonese
because of the strong Castillian influence.
-Past Participle feminine form is: abida
(abita).
